10.1 Venezuela Election Updates 委內瑞拉選舉新聞补充

本文对之前的报道进行了补充，并附带了一些新闻。 马查多上周表示，冈萨雷斯以压倒性优势获胜。尽管马杜罗承诺举行自由公正的选举，但选举过程却因涉嫌不公平而蒙上阴影——反对派人物被捕，其主要领导人马查多被禁止参选，反对派证人据称被拒绝进入集中计票，海外委内瑞拉人大多无法投票。委内瑞拉反对派和其他多个国家拒绝承认马杜罗在 7 月 28 日的选举中获胜，直到公布全部选票结果。投票结束后，委内瑞拉各地爆发了抗议活动，政府拘留了数百名反对派支持者。新闻补充: 反对派领导人和总统候选人因呼吁军队和警察“站在人民一边”。委内瑞拉国防部长向马杜罗宣誓“绝对忠诚”。委内瑞拉对反对派领导人冈萨雷斯和马查多展开调查。

BACKGROUND

Machado said last week that González won by a landslide. Though Maduro had promised free and fair elections, the process was marred with allegations of foul play – with opposition figures arrested, their key leader Machado banned from running, opposition witnesses allegedly denied access to the centralized vote count, and overseas Venezuelans largely unable to cast ballots. Venezuela’s opposition and multiple other nations have refused to recognize Maduro’s victory in the July 28 vote until the release of the full vote tally. Protests broke out across Venezuela following the vote, which saw the government detain hundreds of opposition supporters. (CNN Aug 5, 2024) 

1. Venezuela defence minister pledges ‘absolute loyalty’ to Maduro (USNews. Aug. 7, 2024) Chile's President Gabriel Boric said on Wednesday he does not recognize Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro "self-proclaimed" victory in the country's hotly contested election late last month. 

2. Venezuela defence minister pledges ‘absolute loyalty’ to Maduro. (Aljazeera, Aug 6, 2024) Country’s defence chief pledges to stand by Maduro’s side following calls by opposition to join ‘side of the people’. 

3. Venezuela launches probe against opposition leaders Gonzalez, Machado (Aljazeera, Aug 6, 2024)

Opposition leader and presidential candidate face an investigation over their appeal to the army and the police ‘to take the side of the people’. 

4. Venezuela opposition leader joins protests against election results (Aljazeera, Aug 3, 2024)

Venezuela’s published election result has prompted widespread allegations of fraud and protests.

Earlier Article 早期文章:

10. 委內瑞拉: 摘要, 選舉新聞 Venezuela- Background and Election News

Credit: CNN /  - Federico Parra/AFP/Getty Images

13. 法国大革命

 法国大革命

法国大革命是法国社会和政治发生深刻变革的时期，从 1789 年持续到 1799 年。它标志着现代历史的一个转折点，因为它挑战了绝对君主制和封建制度，并引入了自由、平等和博爱的思想。

法国大革命的原因

法国大革命是一系列复杂因素相互作用的结果：

社会不平等：法国社会被严格划分为三个等级：神职人员、贵族和平民。前两个等级享有重大特权，而占人口大多数的第三等级则承担了大部分税收。

经济危机：由于君主制的挥霍无度、战争代价高昂以及税收效率低下，法国面临严重的经济危机。这导致平民普遍贫困和饥饿。

启蒙思想：伏尔泰、卢梭、孟德斯鸠等哲学家的思想强调个人权利、人民主权和有限政府，这些思想广受欢迎。这些思想激发人们质疑绝对君主制的合法性。

领导能力弱：路易十六国王优柔寡断，无法应对日益严重的危机。他的改革尝试遭到贵族和神职人员的抵制。

法国大革命的后果

法国大革命产生了深远的影响：

推翻君主制：革命导致路易十六国王被处决，君主制被废除。

共和国的崛起：法国成为一个共和国，权力掌握在人民手中。

社会改革：革命带来了重大的社会改革，包括废除封建制度、人权宣言和所有公民的平等机会。

拿破仑时代：革命时期以拿破仑·波拿巴的崛起而告终，他建立了军事独裁统治。

其他革命灵感：法国大革命激发了整个欧洲和美洲的革命运动，导致了民主理想的传播。

法国大革命是一个复杂而多面的事件，对世界产生了持久的影响。它的遗产至今仍在塑造政治和社会思想。

请注意，上述文章是由人工智能生成的，作为对我关于法国大革命的问题的回答。有关详细信息和准确性，请在有代表性的欧美新澳日韩台印加，东南亚等网站上谷歌搜索相关信息。下面是关于法国大革命起因的视频。

13. The French Revolution

The French Revolution

The French Revolution was a period of profound social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 to 1799. It marked a turning point in modern history, as it challenged the absolute monarchy and the feudal system, and introduced ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity.  

Causes of the French Revolution

The French Revolution was the result of a complex interplay of factors:

Social Inequality: The French society was sharply divided into three estates: the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners. The first two estates enjoyed significant privileges while the third estate, which comprised the majority of the population, bore the brunt of taxation.   

Economic Crisis: France was facing a severe economic crisis due to extravagant spending by the monarchy, costly wars, and inefficient tax collection. This led to widespread poverty and hunger among the common people.  

Enlightenment Ideas: The ideas of philosophers like Voltaire, Rousseau, and Montesquieu, which emphasized individual rights, popular sovereignty, and limited government, had gained popularity. These ideas inspired people to question the legitimacy of absolute monarchy.

Weak Leadership: King Louis XVI was indecisive and unable to address the growing crisis. His attempts at reform were met with resistance from the nobility and the clergy.  

Consequences of the French Revolution

The French Revolution had far-reaching consequences:

Overthrow of the Monarchy: The revolution led to the execution of King Louis XVI and the abolition of the monarchy.   

Rise of the Republic: France became a republic, with power vested in the hands of the people.  

Social Reforms: The revolution brought about significant social reforms, including the abolition of feudalism, the declaration of human rights, and equal opportunities for all citizens.  

Napoleonic Era: The revolutionary period culminated in the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, who established a military dictatorship.  

Inspiration for Other Revolutions: The French Revolution inspired revolutionary movements across Europe and the Americas, leading to the spread of democratic ideals.  

The French Revolution is a complex and multifaceted event with a lasting impact on the world. Its legacy continues to shape political and social thought to this day.

Please note that the article above is generated by an AI as a reply to my questions on French Revolution. For details and accuracy, please Google the relevant information over representative websites. Below is a video about the causes of the French Revolution.