2024年8月4日星期日

12. 孟加拉国的抗议 活动- 摘要和新闻（2024 年 8 月 4 日）

本文先介绍一些孟加拉国的政治制度、经济、和近期的抗议活动，然后提供了最近新闻的链接。


政治制度

孟加拉国是一个定期举行选举的议会民主国家。然而，人们担心该国会倒退到一党制、兼具威权主义和民主主义元素的混合政权。尽管面临挑战，但自 1971 年独立以来，孟加拉国在其存在的大部分时间里都维持着民主制度。


经济

孟加拉国的经济是一个主要的发展中市场经济体。按名义值计算，它是南亚第二大经济体，按购买力平价计算，它是第 25 大经济体。以下是一些要点：

国内生产总值：2024 年，孟加拉国的名义国内生产总值约为 4550 亿美元，而按购买力平价 (PPP) 计算的国内生产总值约为 1.619 万亿美元。

国内生产总值增长：经济一直以年均约 6.0% 的速度增长（2023 年），预计将继续以 5.7%（2024 年）和 6.6%（2025 年）的速度增长。

人均收入：名义人均 GDP 为 2,646 美元（2024 年），而 PPP 调整后的数字为 9,416 美元。

行业构成：经济由服务业（53.40%）推动，其次是工业（33.90%）和农业（12.91%）。

出口：主要出口商品包括纺织品、医药产品、电子产品、造船和黄麻制品。主要出口伙伴包括德国、美国和英国。

进口：孟加拉国进口液化天然气、原油、机械、化学品和棉花。中国和印度是重要的进口伙伴。

劳动力：劳动力包括 6500 万人，其中 40.6% 从事农业，20.4% 从事工业，39.6% 从事服务业。

贫困：根据国际贫困线 2.15 美元/天（使用 2017 年购买力平价汇率），贫困率从 2010 年的 11.8% 下降到 2022 年的 5.0%。

总体而言，孟加拉国的经济取得了重大进展，但挑战依然存在，包括通货膨胀和减贫努力 12。


最近抗议活动的要点

孟加拉国的抗议活动仍在继续，并已升级为全国范围内更广泛的反政府运动。以下是关键点：

触发因素：抗议活动始于 7 月，当时学生要求结束政府工作的配额制度。该制度为 1971 年孟加拉国与巴基斯坦独立战争中战斗的老兵家属保留了 30% 的政府工作。

升级：不幸的是，最初的和平抗议演变成暴力事件，造成 200 多人死亡。随着示威者要求总理谢赫·哈西娜辞职，局势变得动荡不安。

当前抗议活动：最近，数万名抗议者重返街头，要求总理哈西娜下台。警方以催泪瓦斯和眩晕手榴弹进行回应，导致 20 多人死亡，数十人受伤。抗议活动已蔓延至孟加拉国的各个地区。

呼吁不合作：抗议者呼吁“不合作”，要求人们不要缴税、水电费，也不要周日上班。办公室、银行和工厂已经开门营业，但通勤者上班仍面临挑战。
近期冲突：在达卡，抗议者袭击了一家大型公立医院并封锁了高速公路。执政党活动人士和反对党支持的抗议者在多个地区发生冲突。

总之，随着公民要求政府承担责任并做出改变，抗议活动仍在继续。局势依然紧张，要求总理哈西娜辞职的呼声依然存在。


以上信息由 COPILOT 准备。如需了解详细信息和准确性，请浏览下方或代表性网站上的相关主题。


REFERENCE
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh
2. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bangladesh/
3. https://www.focus-economics.com/countries/bangladesh/
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy_in_Bangladesh
6. https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF10214
7. https://www.idea.int/democracytracker/country/bangladesh
8. https://freedomhouse.org/country/bangladesh/freedom-world/2021
9. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/8/4/more-than-20-killed-as-bangladesh-protesters-renew-call-for-hasina-to-quit
10. https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/south-asia/article/3273147/bangladesh-protests-demand-hasina-resign-army-stands-people
11. https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/violence-in-bangladesh-leaves-8-people-dead-hundreds-injured-as-protests-continue/ar-AA1octQ8
12. https://www.yahoo.com/news/violent-protests-bangladesh-leave-more-115339871.html
13. https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/protests-and-violence-break-out-again-in-bangladesh-amid-calls-for-the-governments-resignation/ar-AA1oaKaw。

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12. Bangladesh's Protest - Summary & News (8/4/2024)

This article summarizes: Bangladesh's political system, economy, recent protests and then provides links to recent news.

POLITICAL SYSTEM

Bangladesh is a parliamentary democracy that conducts regular elections. However, there have been concerns about backsliding toward a one-party, hybrid regime with elements of both authoritarianism and democracy. Despite challenges, Bangladesh has maintained democratic institutions for a majority of its existence since gaining independence in 1971.

ECONOMY

The economy of Bangladesh is a major developing market economy. It ranks as the second-largest economy in South Asia in nominal terms and the 25th largest by purchasing power parity. Here are some key points:

GDP: In 2024, Bangladesh’s nominal GDP is approximately $455 billion, while its GDP based on purchasing power parity (PPP) is around $1.619 trillion.

GDP Growth: The economy has been growing at an average annual rate of about 6.0% (2023) and is projected to continue expanding at 5.7% (2024) and 6.6% (2025).

Per Capita Income: The nominal GDP per capita stands at $2,646 (2024), while the PPP-adjusted figure is $9,416.

Sector Composition: The economy is driven by the services sector (53.40%), followed by industry (33.90%) and agriculture (12.91%).

Exports: Key export items include textiles, pharmaceutical products, electronics, shipbuilding, and jute goods. Major export partners include Germany, the United States, and the United Kingdom.

Imports: Bangladesh imports liquefied natural gas, crude oil, machinery, chemicals, and cotton. China and India are significant import partners.

Labor Force: The labor force comprises 65 million people, with 40.6% engaged in agriculture, 20.4% in industry, and 39.6% in services.

Poverty: The poverty rate declined from 11.8% in 2010 to 5.0% in 2022, based on the international poverty line of $2.15 a day (using 2017 Purchasing Power Parity exchange rate).

Overall, Bangladesh’s economy has made significant strides, but challenges remain, including inflation and poverty reduction efforts12.

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE RECENT PROTEST

There are ongoing protests in Bangladesh, which have escalated into a wider antigovernment movement across the country. Here are the key points:

Trigger: The protests began in July when students demanded an end to a quota system for government jobs. This system reserved 30% of government jobs for the families of veterans who fought in Bangladesh’s war of independence against Pakistan in 1971.

Escalation: Unfortunately, the initial peaceful protests turned violent, resulting in over 200 deaths. The situation became volatile as demonstrators demanded Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s resignation.

Current Protests: Recently, tens of thousands of protesters returned to the streets, asking Prime Minister Hasina to step down. Police responded with tear gas and stun grenades, leading to more than 20 deaths and dozens of injuries. The protests have spread across various districts in Bangladesh.

Calls for Non-Cooperation: Protesters are urging “non-cooperation,” asking people not to pay taxes, utility bills, or show up for work on Sundays. Offices, banks, and factories have opened, but commuters face challenges getting to work.

Recent Clashes: In Dhaka, protesters attacked a major public hospital and blocked highways. Clashes occurred between ruling party activists and protesters backed by the opposition party in several districts.

In summary, the protests continue as citizens demand accountability and change from the government. The situation remains tense, and the call for Prime Minister Hasina’s resignation persists.

RECENT NEWS




The summary ais prepared by COPILOT. For details and accuracy, please explore relevant topics below or over representative websites. 

REFERENCE
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh
2. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bangladesh/
3. https://www.focus-economics.com/countries/bangladesh/
4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Bangladesh
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy_in_Bangladesh
6. https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF10214
7. https://www.idea.int/democracytracker/country/bangladesh
8. https://freedomhouse.org/country/bangladesh/freedom-world/2021
9. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/8/4/more-than-20-killed-as-bangladesh-protesters-renew-call-for-hasina-to-quit
10. https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/south-asia/article/3273147/bangladesh-protests-demand-hasina-resign-army-stands-people
11. https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/violence-in-bangladesh-leaves-8-people-dead-hundreds-injured-as-protests-continue/ar-AA1octQ8
12. https://www.yahoo.com/news/violent-protests-bangladesh-leave-more-115339871.html
13. https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/protests-and-violence-break-out-again-in-bangladesh-amid-calls-for-the-governments-resignation/ar-AA1oaKaw



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2024年8月3日星期六

11. Myanmar - Brief History and Recent News / 緬甸- 簡史和一些近期新聞

以下是过去二十年缅甸（以前称为缅甸）发生的重大事件的概述：
Here’s an overview of significant events in Myanmar (formerly known as Burma) over the past two decades:

Transition from Military Rule /从军事统治的过渡 (2010):
  • In November 2010, military rule was replaced by a new military-backed civilian government, marking the beginning of reforms.
  • 2010年11月，军事统治被新的军方支持的文职政府取代，标志着改革的开始。

2015 Elections and Aung San Suu Kyi’s Victory/2015 年选举和昂山素季的胜利:
  • In 2015, Myanmar held its first openly contested elections in decades.
  • The main opposition party, led by Aung San Suu Kyi, won in a landslide.
  • 2015年，缅甸举行了数十年来首次公开竞争的选举。
  • 昂山素季领导的主要反对党以压倒性优势获胜。

Rohingya Crisis/罗兴亚危机 (2017):
  • The military launched a brutal campaign against the Rohingya minority, resulting in widespread displacement and allegations of ethnic cleansing.
  • 军方对罗辛亚少数民族发起残酷行动，导致大规模流离失所和种族清洗指控。

2021 Coup and Ongoing Protests/2021 年政变和持续的抗议活动:
  • In February 2021, the military staged a coup, detaining Aung San Suu Kyi and other civilian leaders.
  • Protests erupted across the country, leading to a civil war and humanitarian crisis.
  • 2021年2月，军方发动政变，拘留昂山素季和其他文职领导人。
  • 全国各地爆发抗议活动，导致内战和人道主义危机。

Economic Turmoil and Health Crisis/经济动荡和健康危机:
  • The coup triggered economic instability, with the economy shrinking by nearly 20% in 2021.
  • The health-care system collapsed amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Myanmar’s history remains complex, shaped by military dominance, democratic aspirations, and ongoing challenges.
  • 政变引发经济不稳定，2021年经济萎缩近20%。
  • 医疗保健系统在 COVID-19 大流行期间崩溃了。
  • 缅甸的历史仍然很复杂，受到军事统治、民主愿望和持续挑战的影响。

Recent News  近期新聞

  • Myanmar rebels are claiming their biggest victory yet over junta forces. Could it be a turning point in the brutal civil war?緬甸叛軍聲稱對軍政府部隊取得了迄今為止最大的勝利。這會成為殘酷內戰的轉捩點嗎？ (CNN 8/3/2024)
  • Myanmar's junta terrorised a Rohingya Muslim town. Then rebels burned it down. 緬甸軍政府對羅興亞穆斯林城鎮進行恐怖攻擊。然後叛軍將其燒毀. (Reuters 8/3/2024)
  • Myanmar military government extends state of emergency by six months 緬甸軍政府將緊急狀態延長六個月 (Al Jazeera 7/31/2024)




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