中俄回應台灣要求中國收回俄羅斯土地的呼籲。 Moscow, Beijing Respond to Taiwan Call for China to Take Back Russian Land

儘管中國共產黨政府從未統治台灣，但中國聲稱台灣是其領土。 2024 年 9 月 3 日，台灣總統賴清德表示，如果中國對台灣的主張是基於領土完整，中華人民共和國也應該收回 19 世紀根據 1858 年《璦琿條約》割讓給俄羅斯的地區。 《璦琿條約》被認為是所謂的不平等條約之一，當時的大國使用軍事力量向實力較弱的國家發號施令。根據《璦琿條約》，中國將大片土地割讓給俄羅斯帝國，也就是現在的俄羅斯遠東地區。兩年後，根據 1860 年《北京條約》，中國再次將現在的濱海邊疆區割讓給俄羅斯。此外，海參崴這座城市的意思是“東方的統治者”或“征服東方”，也被翻譯為“管理東方的辦公室”或“東方的女王”。 2020年7月2日，俄羅斯符拉迪沃斯托克市慶祝建市160週年。

俄羅斯外交部發言人瑪麗亞·扎哈羅娃2024年9月3日指出，中俄兩國已在2004年達成的協議中解決了邊界問題，並強調莫斯科支持北京對台灣的主權主張。儘管中國沒有直接回應賴清德的俄羅斯言論，但它在2024年9月3日發表聲明，譴責賴清德，將其視為分離主義者。 負責與台灣兩岸關係並推動北京統一議程的中國政府台灣事務辦公室表示，賴清德「使兩岸關係變得越來越複雜和危險」。

1984年12月19日，中國國務院總理趙紫陽和英國首相撒切爾夫人在人民大會堂代表各自政府簽署了《中英聯合聲明》，體現了“一國兩制”的基本方針和政策。 。在此聲明中，共產黨政府自1997年7月1日起獲得對香港的主權。 文件規定，香港原有的資本主義制度和生活方式50年不變。然而，20年後，2017年6月30日，中國表示，中英關於香港問題的聯合聲明為1997年回歸中國後如何治理香港製定了藍圖，這是一份歷史文件，不再有任何效力。 

瑪麗亞·扎哈羅娃聲稱的邊界協議是於2004年簽署的，距今已有20年了！

Background

China claims Taiwan as its territory although the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) government has never ruled there. (NBC News, 04/07/2023)

On September 03, 2024, Taiwanese President Lai Ching-te stated that if China's claims to Taiwan are based on territorial integrity, the People’s Republic of China should also take back regions ceded to Russia in the nineteenth century, under the 1858 Treaty of Aigun. The Treaty of Aigun is considered one of the so-called unequal treaties, where the then-greatest powers used military force to dictate terms to less powerful countries. Under the Treaty of Aigun, China ceded a huge swathe of land to the Russian Empire in what is now the Far East of Russia. Two years later, under the 1860 Beijing Treaty, China again ceded the region of what is now the Primorsky Krai to Russia. 

Further, the city, Vladivostok (Haishenwei, 海參崴) means "ruler of the East" or "conquer the East", also translated as "The Office Managing East" or "Queen of the East". On July 2 of 2020, the Russian city of Vladivostok was celebrating 160th anniversary of its founding day. 

Moscow, Beijing Respond to The Call

Russian Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Maria Zakharova on September 03, 2024, pointed out that China and Russia had settled the border in a 2004 agreement and stressed that Moscow backs Beijing's claim over Taiwan. Though China did not respond to Lai's Russia remark directly, it put out a statement on September 03, 2024, blasting Lai, whom it views as a separatist.  The Taiwan Affairs Office (TAO), a Chinese department responsible for cross-strait relations with Taiwan and promoting Beijing's unification agenda, said Lai was "making cross-strait relations increasingly complex and dangerous." (Newsweek, 09/05/2024)

Effective Period for Agreement

On 19 December 1984, in the Great Hall of the People, Chinese Premier Zhao Ziyang and British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, on behalf of their respective governments, signed the Sino-British Joint Declaration which reflected the basic principles and policies of “One Country, Two Systems”. In this declaration, the communist government obtained the sovereignty over Hong Kong with effect from July 1, 1997. (The Sino-British Joint Declaration) This document states that Hong Kong's previous capitalist system and lifestyle shall remain unchanged for 50 years. (Joint Declaration)

However, 20 years later, on June 30, 2017, China said the joint declaration with Britain over Hong Kong, which laid the blueprint over how the city would be ruled after its return to China in 1997, was a historical document that no longer had any practical significance. (Reuters, 06/30/2017) 

The border agreement claimed by Maria Zakharova was signed in 2004, it has been 20 years already! 

印度的战略外交-石油、武器 India's Strategic Diplomacy-Oil, Arms

印度与俄罗斯建立了一条秘密贸易通道，供俄罗斯秘密从印度购买关键商品。根据其计划，卢比将用于通过两国公司之间的“封闭支付系统”来确保军民两用部件的安全。据新闻报道，这将使原本在西方市场购买的电子设备稳定流入。此外，莫斯科还考虑投资印度工厂以支持关键生产。另外据报道，俄罗斯将向印度提供四艘配备超音速导弹的军舰。印度未来的军舰是俄罗斯为印度海军设计的11356型护卫舰。根据两国 2018 年签署的合同，两艘船在俄罗斯制造，其余将在印度建造。

2024年7月9日，印度总理莫迪前往莫斯科与总统普京举行会谈。这次访问恰逢北约领导人齐聚华盛顿，俄罗斯导弹袭击了乌克兰一家医院，造成数十人死亡，引发了泽连斯基的强烈批评。这位乌克兰领导人称莫迪的会面“非常令人失望”，在印度领导人拥抱普京之后， “对和平努力是毁灭性的打击”。 

截至2024年6月30日的第一财季，印度从俄罗斯进口的石油年增长率为1.2%。由于乌克兰无人机袭击导致其炼油厂停电，俄罗斯出口了更多原油。因此，印度炼油商一直在大量购买俄罗斯石油，而俄罗斯石油在打折出售后成为了额外的出口。印度炼油商通过购买打折的俄罗斯石油可能节省至少 105 亿美元。目前，印度是俄罗斯石油的最大买家，俄罗斯石油为其经济提供了提振。印度希望与俄罗斯保持良好关系——尽管西方因俄罗斯入侵乌克兰而对其实施制裁。

在联合国，印度在联合国大会一项谴责俄罗斯自2022年开始入侵乌克兰的决议中再次投了弃权票。印度过去在联大和联合国安理会的类似决议中都投了弃权票。除印度外，中国、伊朗和南非等32个国家在投票中投了弃权票。投票反对的七个国家是俄罗斯、白俄罗斯、朝鲜、厄立特里亚、马里、尼加拉瓜和叙利亚。

India built a secret trade channel with Russia for Russia to covertly purchase critical goods from India. Under its scheme, rupees would be spent to secure dual-use components through a "closed payment system" between firms of these two countries. According to the news report, this would provide a steady inflow of electronic equipment originally bought in Western markets. Further, Moscow also considered investing in Indian factories to support critical production. (Business Insider, 09/04/2024)

According to a news report, Russia will provide four warships equipped with supersonic missiles to India. The future warships of India are Project 11356 frigates, designed by Russia for the Indian Navy. Two vessels are made in Russia, while the rest will be built in India, according to signed contracts between these two countries in 2018. (Newsweek, 09/04/2024)

On July 09, 2024, The Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi traveled to Moscow to hold talks with President Vladimir Putin. That trip coincided with a NATO leaders gathering in Washington and Russian missile strikes on a hospital in Ukraine that killed scores of people, drawing strong criticism from Zelenskyy. The Ukrainian leader called Modi’s meeting “a huge disappointment” and “a devastating blow to peace efforts” after the Indian leader was seen hugging Putin. (AP, 08/21/2024)

During the first fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2024, India's import of Russia oil rose by an annual 1.2%. Russia exported more crude oil because of outages at its refineries from Ukrainian drone attacks. Thus, Indian refiners have been gorging on Russian oil, which emerged as an additional outlet after being sold at a discount. (Reuters, 07/24/2024) Indian refiners likely saved at least $10.5 billion by buying discounted Russian oil. (Indian Express, 07/11/2024)

India is the largest buyer of Russian oil which has provided a boost for its economy. India wants to maintain its good relations with Russia — despite the Western sanctions against Russia over its invasion of Ukraine. (DW 07/08/2024)

There is a report that India has once again abstained from voting in a UN General Assembly resolution that condemned Russia's invasion of Ukraine, which started in 2022. India has abstained from similar resolutions both at the UNGA and at the UNSC in the past. Russia is also India's largest arms supplier. Besides India, China, Iran and South Africa were among the 32 countries to abstain in the vote. The seven countries who voted against it were Russia, Belarus, North Korea, Eritrea, Mali, Nicaragua and Syria. (BBC, 02/23/2023)

台湾要求中国向俄罗斯收回土地 Taiwan Asks China to Take Land Back from Russia

台湾总统赖清德表示，如果中国对台湾的主权主张是基于领土完整，那么中华人民共和国也应该收回 19 世纪根据 1858 年《瑷珲条约》割让给俄罗斯的地区。《瑷珲条约》被认为是所谓的不平等条约之一，当时最强大的国家使用军事力量向弱小的国家强加条件。根据《瑷珲条约》，中国将现在俄罗斯远东地区的大片土地割让给俄罗斯帝国。两年后，根据 1860 年《北京条约》，中国再次将现在的滨海边疆区割让给俄罗斯。

此外，满族赋名海参崴满语名「ᡥᠠᡳᡧᡝᠨᠸᡝᡳ」和汉语名「海参崴」。 「海参崴」作为其最早的中文叫法，亦被华人沿用至今。 1860年，《北京条约》签订前三月，俄国侵占了此地区，更名为「符拉迪沃斯托克」（Владивосток；Vladivostok），意为「东方统治者」或「征服东方」，也译「鎭东府」「东方的王后」。2020年7月2日，俄罗斯符拉迪沃斯托克市举行建市160周年庆祝活动。中国国际电视台（CGTN）记者沈世伟表示，庆祝符拉迪沃斯托克建市日让中国人想起了“1860年那段屈辱的日子”。

就领土完整而言，中国从英国手中收回了香港。但赖清德说：“为什么中国不收回《瑷珲条约》中被俄国占领的土地？俄国现在弱了，对吧？《瑷珲条约》是清朝签订的——你可以要求俄国归还土地，但你没有。所以很明显，中国不想因为领土问题而入侵台湾。”

Taiwanese President Lai Ching-te stated that if China's claims to Taiwan are based on territorial integrity, the People’s Republic of China should also take back regions ceded to Russia in the nineteenth century, under the 1858 Treaty of Aigun. The Treaty of Aigun is considered one of the so-called unequal treaties, where the then-greatest powers used military force to dictate terms to less powerful countries. Under the Treaty of Aigun, China ceded a huge swathe of land to the Russian Empire in what is now the Far East of Russia. Two years later, under the 1860 Beijing Treaty, China again ceded the region of what is now the Primorsky Krai to Russia. (Ukrainska Pravda, 09/03/2024)

Further, the Manchus named Vladivostok "ᡥᠠᡳᡧᡝᠨᠸᡝᡳ" in Manchu and "Vladivostok (Haishenwei)" in Chinese. "Vladivostok" is its earliest Chinese name and is still used by the Chinese today. In 1860, three months before the signing of the Treaty of Beijing, Russia invaded the area and renamed it "Vladivostok" (Владивосток; Vladivostok), which means "ruler of the East" or "conquer the East", also translated as "The Office Managing East" or "Queen of the East". (海參崴 - 維基百科，自由的百科全書 (wikipedia.org)) On July 2 of 2020, the Russian city of Vladivostok was celebrating 160th anniversary of its founding day. Shen Shiwei, a reporter for the state-owned broadcaster CGTN said that the celebration of the founding day of Vladivostok reminded the Chinese of "those humiliated days in the 1860. (Financial Express. 07/07/2020)

Regarding territorial integrity, China reclaimed Hong Kong from UK. But "why doesn’t China reclaim the lands occupied by Russia that were ceded in the Treaty of Aigun? Russia is weaker now, right? The Treaty of Aigun was signed during the Qing dynasty - you can ask the Russians to return the land, but you don't. So it's clear that China does not wish to invade Taiwan for territorial reasons," said Lai Ching-te. (Essanews.com, 09/02/2024)

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Taiwan's new President Lai Ching-te has been sworn in