2024年9月5日星期四

印度的战略外交-石油、武器 India's Strategic Diplomacy-Oil, Arms

度与俄罗斯建立了一条秘密贸易通道,供俄罗斯秘密从印度购买关键商品。根据其计划,卢比将用于通过两国公司之间的“封闭支付系统”来确保军民两用部件的安全。据新闻报道,这将使原本在西方市场购买的电子设备稳定流入。此外,莫斯科还考虑投资印度工厂以支持关键生产。另外据报道,俄罗斯将向印度提供四艘配备超音速导弹的军舰。印度未来的军舰是俄罗斯为印度海军设计的11356型护卫舰。根据两国 2018 年签署的合同,两艘船在俄罗斯制造,其余将在印度建造。

2024年7月9日,印度总理莫迪前往莫斯科与总统普京举行会谈。这次访问恰逢北约领导人齐聚华盛顿,俄罗斯导弹袭击了乌克兰一家医院,造成数十人死亡,引发了泽连斯基的强烈批评。这位乌克兰领导人称莫迪的会面“非常令人失望”,在印度领导人拥抱普京之后, “对和平努力是毁灭性的打击”。 

至2024年6月30日的第一财季,印度从俄罗斯进口的石油年增长率为1.2%。由于乌克兰无人机袭击导致其炼油厂停电,俄罗斯出口了更多原油。因此,印度炼油商一直在大量购买俄罗斯石油,而俄罗斯石油在打折出售后成为了额外的出口。印度炼油商通过购买打折的俄罗斯石油可能节省至少 105 亿美元。目前,印度是俄罗斯石油的最大买家,俄罗斯石油为其经济提供了提振。印度希望与俄罗斯保持良好关系——尽管西方因俄罗斯入侵乌克兰而对其实施制裁。

联合国,印度在联合国大会一项谴责俄罗斯自2022年开始入侵乌克兰的决议中再次投了弃权票。印度过去在联大和联合国安理会的类似决议中都投了弃权票。除印度外,中国、伊朗和南非等32个国家在投票中投了弃权票。投票反对的七个国家是俄罗斯、白俄罗斯、朝鲜、厄立特里亚、马里、尼加拉瓜和叙利亚。


India built a secret trade channel with Russia for Russia to covertly purchase critical goods from India. Under its scheme, rupees would be spent to secure dual-use components through a "closed payment system" between firms of these two countries. According to the news report, this would provide a steady inflow of electronic equipment originally bought in Western markets. Further, Moscow also considered investing in Indian factories to support critical production. (Business Insider, 09/04/2024)

According to a news report, Russia will provide four warships equipped with supersonic missiles to India. The future warships of India are Project 11356 frigates, designed by Russia for the Indian Navy. Two vessels are made in Russia, while the rest will be built in India, according to signed contracts between these two countries in 2018. (Newsweek, 09/04/2024)

On July 09, 2024, The Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi traveled to Moscow to hold talks with President Vladimir Putin. That trip coincided with a NATO leaders gathering in Washington and Russian missile strikes on a hospital in Ukraine that killed scores of people, drawing strong criticism from Zelenskyy. The Ukrainian leader called Modi’s meeting “a huge disappointment” and “a devastating blow to peace efforts” after the Indian leader was seen hugging Putin. (AP, 08/21/2024)

During the first fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2024, India's import of Russia oil rose by an annual 1.2%. Russia exported more crude oil because of outages at its refineries from Ukrainian drone attacks. Thus, Indian refiners have been gorging on Russian oil, which emerged as an additional outlet after being sold at a discount. (Reuters, 07/24/2024) Indian refiners likely saved at least $10.5 billion by buying discounted Russian oil. (Indian Express, 07/11/2024)

India is the largest buyer of Russian oil which has provided a boost for its economy. India wants to maintain its good relations with Russia — despite the Western sanctions against Russia over its invasion of Ukraine. (DW 07/08/2024)

There is a report that India has once again abstained from voting in a UN General Assembly resolution that condemned Russia's invasion of Ukraine, which started in 2022. India has abstained from similar resolutions both at the UNGA and at the UNSC in the past. Russia is also India's largest arms supplier. Besides India, China, Iran and South Africa were among the 32 countries to abstain in the vote. The seven countries who voted against it were Russia, Belarus, North Korea, Eritrea, Mali, Nicaragua and Syria. (BBC, 02/23/2023)




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